Aircraft maintenance is one of the most leading industry in the world. It needs a precise calculation ,designing and best experts.
The new advancements in the field of aviation has been rising since Neil Armstrong explore the moon and space. After that we have found and seen many faults in calculation and designing which results the Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster. But after some terrible mistakes we learned and found many alternate options for the existing ones. Well in this session we are going to study the parts of aircraft in a very detailed manner.
I have made the section of aircraft which divides in following parts.
- Fuselage (Body)
- Power Plant
- Landing Gear
- Wings
- Ampinage (Tail stabilizers)
From these sections we will find how an aircraft can be constructed.
Fuselage
Fuselage is a main section of an aircraft. In single engine planes fuselage consist of cockpit, power plant, ampinage and landing gear. It is also called as a body. Construction of fuselage is based on precise calculation and design. It needs a minor fault to be crashed. Its central gravity (CG) should be calculated carefully.
In commercial Airlines, fuel is stored in the wings and there is no way that fuel from which wing will be consuming so it needs careful attention to prevent the airplane from stalling or rolling in the air
In early stages, fuselage was constructed from the concept of truss and steel rods are fixed in it but now a days it is turned into advanced designs which is based on the theory of Light Weight Easy Flying.
In commercial aircraft's fuselage holds crew and passengers or cargo. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, required for aircraft stability and maneuverability
Early aircraft were constructed of wood frames covered in fabric. As
monoplanes became popular, metal frames improved the strength, which
eventually led to all-metal aircraft with metal covering all surfaces.
Some modern aircraft are constructed with composite materials for major
control surfaces, wings, or the entire fuselage such as the Boeing 787.
On the 787, it makes possible higher pressurization levels and larger
windows for passenger comfort as well as lower weight to reduce
operating costs.
Power Plant
Other name of engine. In single engine aircraft's power plant is located at the front which consist of propellers to provide thrust to the aircraft. The main purpose of the power plant is to provide thrust.
It generates the mechanical power and of always either lightweight piston or gas turbine. The location of commercial aircraft's engine is different from single engine aircraft.
In commercial aircraft's the engine is located in the wings. Most of the aircraft's are twin engines. The new aircraft's of airbus and boeng consist of four engines as-well. Like in Airbus A-380 which is a double decker aircraft consist four engines.
Landing Gear
Landing gear is a part of fuselage which helps aircraft on the ground to land and allows it to taxi. Landing gear can either be wheels or skis or the combination of both depending on the surface. Landing gear specially designed to allows the aircraft land on the water or ice are called skis.
Example of Skis
Example of commercial landing gear
In Commercial and modern aircraft's the landing gear after taking off retract into the wings and/or fuselage with wheels flush against the surface or concealed behind doors; this is called retractable gear.
Retractable gears reduce the dragging force in the air. In single engine aircraft's such as cessna152 has no retractable gears.
In some of the small aircraft's a small gear is located at the tail which is called as taildragger.
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| SAN Jodel D.140 Mousquetaire with Taildragger |
Wings
In aircraft's wings are responsible to produce sufficient lift for taking-off . There are two main parts of wings. Aileron and Flaps. The part which is attached to the trailing edge of the wing is called as Ailerons while flaps are attached to the inboard of the wing.
Ailerons are responsible for rolling the aircraft. The mechanism of this rolling happen when the life wing aileron goes down and right wing aileron goes down.
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| Ailerons Movement Animation |
In commercial aircraft's engines are also attached to it. Airbus A308 consist two two engines on both wings.
Aircraft Ampinage
The back end of the aircraft is called as ampinage. Ampinage arises from 2 parts. Horizontal stabilizers and vertical stabilizer. Horizontal Stabilize.
Horizontal stabilizers have moving flaps at the back which is called is elevators which helps in pitch up and pitch down movement.
Vertical stabilizers have moving rudder attached which helps in yaw movement
This is the brief description of aircraft structure. An overview of the components of aircraft is shown below.
Osama Zia Yousafzai 
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